Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication_Date: 20130430 Title: NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Image Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, Utah Publisher: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Description: Abstract: This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The NAIP program is administered by USDA FSA and has been established to support two main FSA strategic goals centered on agricultural production. These are, increase stewardship of America's natural resources while enhancing the environment, and to ensure commodities are procured and distributed effectively and efficiently to increase food security. The NAIP program supports these goals by acquiring and providing ortho imagery that has been collected during the agricultural growing season in the U.S. The NAIP ortho imagery is tailored to meet FSA requirements and is a fundamental tool used to support FSA farm and conservation programs. Ortho imagery provides an effective, intuitive means of communication about farm program administration between FSA and stakeholders. New technology and innovation is identified by fostering and maintaining a relationship with vendors and government partners, and by keeping pace with the broader geospatial community. As a result of these efforts the NAIP program provides three main products: DOQQ tiles, Compressed County Mosaics (CCM), and Seamline shape files The Contract specifications for NAIP imagery have changed over time reflecting agency requirements and improving technologies. These changes include image resolution, horizontal accuracy, coverage area, and number of bands. In general, flying seasons are established by FSA and are targeted for peak crop growing conditions. The NAIP acquisition cycle is based on a minimum 3 year refresh of base ortho imagery. The tiling format of the NAIP imagery is based on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter quadrangle with a 300 pixel buffer on all four sides. NAIP quarter quads are formatted to the UTM coordinate system using the North American Datum of 1983. NAIP imagery may contain as much as 10% cloud cover per tile. Purpose: NAIP imagery is available for distribution within 60 days of the end of a flying season and is intended to provide current information of agricultural conditions in support of USDA farm programs. For USDA Farm Service Agency, the 1 meter and 1/2 meter GSD product provides an ortho image base for Common Land Unit boundaries and other data sets. The 1 meter and 1/2 meter NAIP imagery is generally acquired in projects covering full states in cooperation with state government and other federal agencies that use the imagery for a variety of purposes including land use planning and natural resource assessment. The NAIP is also used for disaster response. While suitable for a variety of uses, prior to 2007 the 2 meter GSD NAIP imagery was primarily intended to assess "crop condition and compliance" to USDA farm program conditions. The 2 meter imagery was generally acquired only for agricultural areas within state projects. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120909 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.4375 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.3750 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.5000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.4375 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: farming Theme_Keyword: Digital Ortho rectified Image Theme_Keyword: Ortho Rectification Theme_Keyword: Quarter Quadrangle Theme_Keyword: NAIP Theme_Keyword: Aerial Compliance Theme_Keyword: Compliance Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: MS Place_Keyword: Jackson Place_Keyword: 28059 Place_Keyword: MS059 Place_Keyword: JACKSON CO MS FSA Place_Keyword: 3008837 Place_Keyword: KREOLE, NE Place_Keyword: KREOLE Access_Constraints: There are no limitations for access. Use_Constraints: None. The USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field office asks to be credited in derived products. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2222 West 2300 South City: Salt Lake City State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84119-2020 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: None Browse_Graphic_File_Description: None Browse_Graphic_File_Type: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Unknown Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: NAIP 3.75 minute tile file names are based on the USGS quadrangle naming convention. Completeness_Report: None Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: NAIP horizontal accuracy specifications have evolved over the life of the program. From 2003 to 2004 the specifications were as follows: 1-meter GSD imagery was to match within 3-meters, and 2-meter GSD to match within 10 meters of reference imagery. For 2005 the 1-meter GSD specification was changed to 5 meters matching the reference imagery. In 2006 a pilot project was performed using true ground specifications rather than reference imagery. All states used the same specifications as 2005 except Utah, which required a match of +/- 6 meters to true ground. In 2007 all specifications were the same as 2006 except Arizona used true ground specifications and all other states used reference imagery. In 2008 and subsequent years no 2-meter GSD imagery was acquired and all specifications were the same as 2007 except approximately half of the states acquired used true ground specifications and the other half used reference imagery. The 2008 states that used absolute ground control where; Indiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia. From 2009 to present all NAIP imagery acquisitions used the +/- 6 meters to ground specification. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication_Date: 20130430 Title: KREOLE, NE Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Type_of_Source_Media: UnKnown Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120909 Source_Currentness_Reference: Aerial Photography Date for aerial photo source. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Georectifed Image Source_Contribution: Digital Georectifed Image. Process_Step: Process_Description: Flight planning was performed in IGIPlan from IGI over a buffered boundary covering DOQQ extents provided by the USDA. A 500m reduced resolution NED DEM file was used to determine ground heights. A targeted flight altitude of approximately 30,000 feet above ground level was used. A minimum forward overlap of 60% and minimum side overlap of 30% were used. No ground elevation in the project area resulted in source pixel dimensions greater than 1.05m or less than 0.5m. Cessna Conquest aircraft were used for acquisition. Multiple Intergraph Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) systems where utilized in the data capture. The DMC is a digital frame camera that produces a central perspective image with a nominal focal length of 120mm projecting an image on a virtual CCD measuring 13,824 by 7,680 pixels. The pixels are 12um by 12um. Images from four panchromatic cameras modules, each with a 120mm lens projecting an image on a 7,168 by 4,096 CCD, are assembled to create the virtual frame. Images captured simultaneously from four 3,072 by 2,048 pixel multispectral (MS) cameras with 30mm lenses produce red, green, blue and near infrared images. These MS images are matched to the Pan virtual image using the Post Processing Software from Intergraph. All DMC systems used for capture have been calibrated by the manufacturer. The calibration includes measuring the radiometric and geometric properties of each camera. These data are used in the Post Processing Software to eliminate the radiometric and geometric distortion. The raw captured pixel resolution of the panchromatic virtual frame ranges from 0.60m to 1.04m across the project area depending on terrain height. Each pixel is assigned a 12 bit digital number (DN) by the analog to digital conversion performed after each exposure. Each pixel is resampled during orthorectification to an output resolution of 1m at a bit depth of 8 for each image band. Four bands of data were captured for each image+ADs- Blue: 400-580 nm, Green: 500-650nm, Red: 590-675nm and Near infrared: 675-850 nm. The final product may only include the RGB data. All aerial imagery was collected with associated GPS data. When possible most imagery will also include IMU data collection. GPS/IMU data were captured with either an Applanix POS 510 system or IGI AEROControl. The GPS data was utilized to control the aerial triangulation process. All imagery was processed through an aerial triangulation in which the airborne GPS data was constrained to expected limits. Analysis was performed to assure that all image frames fit within a strip and between strips by evaluating the image and airborne GPS residuals. The final adjustments assure a high quality relative adjustment and a high quality absolute adjustment limited to the airborne GPS data accuracy. This process assures the final absolute accuracy of all geopositioned imagery. Both signalized and photo identified ground control were used to QC and control the IMU/GPS based aerial triangulation bundle block solution. For each project area the latest NED was downloaded from the USGS National Map Seamless Server website in late Spring 2012. Thirty Meter NED was used in all cases, and preferred over the available ten meter spacing to minimize image smearing and distortions that are exacerbated by a finer, but not more accurate DEM. A visual inspection of the NED using color cycled classification by elevation and a shaded relief was performed to check for gaps, corruption and gross errors. When available the NED was compared to known higher quality elevation sources to detect flaws. Between 20-60 construction points per frame derived from conjugant image measurements performed during aerial triangulation were projected to the NED. The predicted horizontal error for each point was added as an attribute in the SURDEX enterprise database. An operator reviews ortho seams in areas these predicted errors indicate horizontal error in excess of the contract specifications. Any imagery errors introduced by source NED required patching from an alternate DEM or frame of photography with a different perspective. Hardware used included the DMC, various brands of survey grade GPS receivers, various brands and models of computers, RAID5/6 storage, calibrated monitors, various brands of monitor calibration colorimeters. Software included Intergraph Post Processing Software (PPS) to handle camera raw images processed to virtual frame panchromatic images and four band multispectral images. SURDEX software was used to color correct and remove bidirectional reflectance, vignetting and other illumination trends. USDA APFO Image Metrics are measured and images corrected to conform to the Image Metrics using SURDEX software. SURDEX software was then used to fuse the high resolution pan with the lower resolution multispectral image. This image was upsampled to match the pan resolution using bilinear interpolation and converted to a high resolution image via the Brovey Transform. GPS/IMU data was reduced to projected coordinates in the appropriate UTM zone using the Applanix or IGI office software. Aerial Triangulation was performed using Intergraph ImageStation Automatic Triangulation (ISAT), ImageStation Digital Mensuration (ISDM) and Photo-T bundle adjustment. SURDEX software was used to determine the weak points in the AT construction point distribution. SURDEX software was used to orthorectify the images. SURDEX software was used to compare overlapping orthoimages and correct for minor radiometric variation between adjacent images. SURDEX software was used to calculate the optimal seam path, check seam topology and create master tiles. SURDEX ortho software generates occlusion/smear polygons used during seam review to cut in the best view of steep terrain. SURDEX software was used to visually inspect master tiles for seam and image defects. SURDEX software was used to project and cut final DOQQ image files from masters. SURDEX software was used to create CCM metadata. Lizardtech GeoExpress version 8.0.0.3065 was used to create the CCM image file. SURDEX software was used to measure horizontal error in the CCM. SURDEX software was used to perform final formatting, QC and naming of the DOQQ. USGS metadata parser software was used to validate the metadata. Various versions of Microsoft Windows were used in all phases of production. For Radiometry, SURDEX Grouping Tool was used to display large groups of images, display individual and group histograms, and develop color correction parameters to adjust image DN. Grouping Tool provides real-time updates of the USDA APFO Image Metrics. The image technician adjusts image correction parameters to bring the radiometric characteristics of large groups of raw images within the Image Metrics ranges. Grouping Tool was used again after DOQQ and CCM production to provide a quality assurance check. Individual DOQQ and CCM may not meet the USDA APFO Image Metrics ranges due to land cover. The goal is to have the state as a whole meet the Image Metrics. To validate the accuracy of the block adjustment derived from GPS/IMU, camera parameters and conjugate point measurements, approximately 30-40 photo identifiable ground control points were field surveyed within each State. These points were surveyed using GPS techniques to produce coordinates that are accurate to 0.25 meters RMSE in XYZ. The GPS surveying techniques utilized assured that the coordinates are derived in the required project datum and relative to an approved National Reference System. Each derived control point was surveyed in a static fashion with a minimum of three NGS CORS sites. A constrained least square adjustment was performed holding the CORS sites as control and deriving the final coordinates of the photo identifiable points. The photo identifiable control points were measured on multiple photographs but not constrained in the final AT solution in order for them to be used in an independent final QC of positional accuracy. After the checkpoint run, the residual errors were reviewed to determine the quality of the solution with only GPS and IMU based initial exterior orientation. If the block does not fit the control points within specifications the pass and tie points were reviewed for blunders and weak areas. If, after these corrections were made, the block still does not fit the control well the GPS and IMU processing were reviewed. Once the block has proper statistics and fits the control to specifications, the final bundle adjustment was made. SURDEX software was used to predict the horizontal error that results from DEM error using AT construction points projected to the NED ground elevation. As AT points are frequently on man-made and other vertical features not included in the DEM, these ortho points can only be used to indicate regions of error by the clusters of points that predict excessive horizontal displacement. SURDEX software was used to measure a minimum of 20 points on the new 2012 CCM and an alternate product obtained from the USDA Data Gateway to determine if there were regions of the CCM requiredfurther review to ensure absolute accuracy specifications were met. If these areas were found, the source of the error was corrected and the DOQQ and CCM were recreated. All products are reviewed by independent personnel prior to delivery. The delivery is checked for omissions, commissions, naming, formatting, specification compliance and data integrity. Process_Date: 20130430 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Jackson County, MS Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 1 Column_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS 80) Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: 32-bit pixels, 4 band color(RGBIR) values 0 - 255 Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Supervisor Customer Services Section Contact_Organization: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2222 West 2300 South City: Salt Lake City State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84119-2020 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov Distribution_Liability: In no event shall the creators, custodians, or distributors of this information be liable for any damages arising out of its use (or the inability to use it). Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF - Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format Format_Information_Content: Multispectral 4-band Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Mode 1 Level 2 Extensions Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-R Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Offline_Option: Offline_Media: USB Hard Disk Recording_Format: NTFS Offline_Option: Offline_Media: FireWire Hard Disk Recording_Format: NTFS Fees: Contact the Aerial Photography Field Office for more information Resource_Description: m_3008837_ne_16_1_20120909_20121010.tif Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130430 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2222 West 2300 South City: Salt Lake City State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84119-2020 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922 Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998