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2018 USACE NCMP Post-Florence Topobathy Lidar DEM: Southeast Coast (VA, NC, SC)
 (MI_Metadata)
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        organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
                country: (missing)
                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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      DateTime:  2020-02-14T16:49:49
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2018 USACE NCMP Post-Florence Topobathy Lidar DEM: Southeast Coast (VA, NC, SC)
            alternateTitle:  usace2018_post_florence_dem_m8853_metadata.xml
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2019-08-30
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) creation
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2019-09-06
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                authority:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                    date: (inapplicable)
                code:
                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 57345
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/
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                        name:   Citation URL
                        description:  Information on the NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM).
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/imagery/search/where:ID=8854
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:   Citation URL
                        description:  Link to South Carolina RGB Imagery.
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8617
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:   Citation URL
                        description:  Link to custom download the lidar point data from which these raster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were created.
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/imagery/search/where:ID=8906
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/imagery/search/where:ID=9021
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer
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                        name:   Citation URL
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataregistry
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                        description:  Online Resource
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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        abstract:  These files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar (CZMIL) system. CZMIL integrates a lidar sensor with simultaneous topographic and bathymetric capabilities, a digital camera and a hyperspectral imager on a single remote sensing platform for use in coastal mapping and charting activities. Native lidar data is not generally in a format accessible to most Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specialized in-house and commercial software packages are used to process the native lidar data into 3-dimensional positions that can be imported into GIS software for visualization and further analysis. The 3-D position data are sub-divided into a series of LAS files, which are tiled into 1-km by 1-km boxes defined by the Military Grid Reference System. In addition to these bare earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, the RGB imagery and the lidar point data that these DEM data were created from, are also available. These data are available for custom download at the link provided in the URL section of this metadata record.
        purpose:  This data was collected by USACE on behalf of the USACE NCMP to assess elevations above and below water along the southeast US coast after Hurricane Florence.
        credit:  Acknowledgement of the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) would be appreciated in any publications or derived products.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar3_z/geoid12b/data/8617/supplemental/usace2018_post_florence_m8617.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic shows the lidar coverage for the 2018 topobathy lidar acquisition along the US east coast.
            fileType:  kmz
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  DOD/USARMY/USACE/SAM/MOBILE/OPJ/JALBTCX > Department of Defense
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS >COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
            keyword:  HUMAN DIMENSIONS > LAND USE/LAND COVER > LAND USE CLASSES
            keyword:  LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY> TERRAIN ELEVATION
            keyword:  OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY
            keyword:  OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY
            keyword:  SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHOLOGY > COASTAL LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Bathymetry
            keyword:  Bathymetry/Topography
            keyword:  Classified LAS
            keyword:  Coastal Zone Mapping Imaging Lidar (CZMIL)
            keyword:  DEM
            keyword:  Digital
            keyword:  Florence
            keyword:  Hurricane
            keyword:  Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX)
            keyword:  Mobile District
            keyword:  Model
            keyword:  Topography
            keyword:  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > North Carolina
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > South Carolina
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > Virginia
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > SEA FLOOR
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  East Coast
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  2018
            keyword:  October
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) temporal
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Active Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > Lidar/Laser Sounders > LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Aircraft > Aircraft
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  DEMs - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: These data have been developed from the best available sources. Although efforts have been made to ensure that the data are accurate and reliable, errors and variable conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the data may be reflected in the data supplied. Users must be aware of these conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, scale, resolution, rectification, positional accuracy, development methodology, time period, environmental and climatic conditions and other circumstances specific to these data. The user is responsible for understanding the accuracy limitations of the data provided herein. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. The user should refer to the accompanying metadata notes for a description of the data and data development procedures. | Use Constraints: These data depict the heights at the time of the survey and are only accurate for that time. Acknowledgement of the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) would be appreciated in any publications or derived products. The data herein, including but not limited to geographic data, tabular data, analytical data, electronic data structures or files, are provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the data is assumed by the user. No guarantee of accuracy is granted, nor is any responsibility for reliance thereon assumed. In no event shall the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District Office, Spatial Data Branch be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, loss of anticipated profits or benefits arising out of use of or reliance on the data. The Spatial Data Branch does not accept liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by inaccuracies in the data or as a result of changes to the data caused by system transfers or other transformations or conversions, nor is there responsibility assumed to maintain the data in any manner or form. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this dataset was collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: These data have been developed from the best available sources. Although efforts have been made to ensure that the data are accurate and reliable, errors and variable conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the data may be reflected in the data supplied. Users must be aware of these conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, scale, resolution, rectification, positional accuracy, development methodology, time period, environmental and climatic conditions and other circumstances specific to these data. The user is responsible for understanding the accuracy limitations of the data provided herein. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. The user should refer to the accompanying metadata notes for a description of the data and data development procedures. Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of USACE, JALBTCX, the Office for Coastal Management, or its partners.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_SecurityConstraints)
            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
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                    code:  57345
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                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                            linkage: https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport-metadata/NOAA/NOS/OCMP/dmp/pdf/57345.pdf
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                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
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            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) grid
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) location
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
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        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -79.190227
                eastBoundLongitude:  -75.452938
                southBoundLatitude:  33.210606
                northBoundLatitude:  36.9246
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:  SC dates of collection | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2018-10-02
                    endPosition:  2018-10-03
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:  VA, NC dates of collecton | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2018-10-02
                    endPosition:  2018-10-15
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                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8853
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                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc.
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster2/elevation/USACE_Post_Florence_DEM_2018_8853
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_QuantitativeAttributeAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Every effort within operational constraints was made to acquire data that meets specifications as outline in this project's Statement of Work. Per flight block, elevations in areas of swath overlap are internally consistent and meet CZMIL specifications. Annomalous high and/or low elevation values have been removed, and point cloud classificaiton algorithms have been validated via manual review and QC. Temporal differences in elevation exist in areas of active nearshore processes from the dune to the depth of closure. JALBTCX conducts operations in a manner to ameliorate temporal differences, to include the collection of entire flight blocks within single missions. For a given flight block, it's adjacent flight blocks are captured within 3 days as weather and airspace permit.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  CZMIL topographic data - Compiled to meet 1 m horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level. CZMIL bathymetric data - Compiled to meet 3.5 + 0.05d m horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level, d is depth. JALBTCX evaluates the horizontal accuracy of the final data coverage against available basemap imagery products. The final lidar point cloud is gridded according to procedures defined in the JALBTCX Standard Operating Guide and Appendices (SOGA). The grid products are then visually compared to basemap imagery products to verify the horizontal positions of large buildings and other urban features with the data coverage.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  CZMIL topographic data - Compiled to meet 19.6 cm vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level. CZMIL bathymetric shallow FOV data - Compiled to meet SQRT((0.20^2) +((0.0075d)^2)) m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level, d is depth. CZMIL bathymetric deep FOV data - Compiled to meet SQRT((0.30^2) +((0.013d)^2)) m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level, d is depth. JALBTCX evaluates the vertical accuracy of the final data coverage against traditional ground-truth data. Ground-truth data is acquired and utilized according to specifications outlined in the JALBTCX Standard Operating Guide and Appendices (SOGA) as well as the USGS Lidar BaseSpecification. The final lidar point cloud at every project ground-truth location is compared against ground-truth points in the 'bare_ground' class. Comparisons are performed in the QCoherent LP360 software package, and the final results are output to JALBTCX's Ground Truth Comparison Report.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Planned data coverage for this dataset included a 750-meter swath of the Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina shoreline. Topographic lidar coverage was obtained from the shoreline onshore 250 meters. Bathymetric lidar coverage extends from the shoreline offshore 500 meters or to laser extinction, whichever occurs first. The planned data density is 2 points/m² on land and in shallow water. In deeper water the planned data density decreases to 0.7 points/m². Gaps or data holidays may exist in the data coverage. They arise due to a number of operational and environmental conditions, including but not limited to, airspace restrictions, high terrain, active surf, low-reflectivity bottom substrate materials and turbidity in the water column. Please see the Report of Survey for additional details. This data set covers the spatial extent of topographic lidar data obtained during this survey.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  No discernable offsets or horizontal shifts were found during visual inspecton of the lidar-derived grid products against basemap imagery products. Data passes assessments against ground-truth points.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  CZMIL data is processed from raw lidar waveforms to point clouds using the CZMIL HydroFusion software package. Point clouds are then classified and edited in industry-standard software packages. Derivative data products are generated through the application of gridding and contouring algorithms in a GIS environment. The data processing workflow, including software packages, algorithms and parameters are provided in detail, herein this metadata as Process Steps. The steps below outline the basic workflow JALBTCX employs to produce lidar point clouds.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  These data were collected using the CZMIL system. It is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The system collects topobathy lidar data at 10 kHz and RGB imagery at 2 Hz. A CASI-1500 hyperspectral line scanner is integrated with the system as well. Aircraft position, velocity and acceleration information are collected through a combination of Novatel and POS A/V 610 equipment. All raw data streams are transferred to the office for downloading and processing in CZMIL’s HydroFusion software. Aircraft position data are processed using POSPac software and the results are combined with the lidar data to produce 3-D positions for each lidar shot. Upon inspection and QA/QC in the software packages Fledermaus and PFM_ABE, anomalous data are flagged as invalid and have the withheld bit set.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2018-10-02T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  LAS files are imported into TerraScan V13 module within Microstation V8i, classifies valid topobathy data as ground points (2) and unclassified points (1), and valid bathymetric points (29). Upon completion the macro, the classification results undergo quality control and any misclassified points are manually edited. In areas of dense vegetation the bare earth ground points might be incorrectly classified due to the inability of the laser to penetrate the canopy and reach the bare ground. In these areas, JALBTCX defaults to the algorithm’s “ground” surface instead of manually reclassifying those points. They are partitioned into a series of 1-km delivery boxes, one Classified LAS file per box. The format of the file is LAS version 1.2. Data are classified as 1 (valid non-ground topographic data), 2 (valid ground topographic data), and 29 (valid bathymetric data). The National Geodetic Survey's (NGS) GEOID12B model is used to transform the horizontal positions from UTM to Geographic coordinates referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 National Adjustment of 2011 (NAD83 NA11). Vertical positions are also transformed from ellipsoid to orthometric heights referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The files are then compressed with the open-source LASzip utility, which is part of the LAStools package (LAStools, "Efficient LiDAR Processing Software" (version 170923, unlicensed)), obtained from http://rapidlasso.com/LAStools.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-05-16T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data classified as ground points (2), and bathymetric points (29) in the las files are converted to a grid by generating a triangulated irregular network (TIN) and then extracting the grid node elevations from the TIN surface. The origin point of the grid is located at a horizontal position whose value is evenly divisible by the 1m grid resolution such that rasters from subsequent surveys have common cell boundaries. JALBTCX uses Quick Terrain Modeler V8 to perform this operation utilizing the following parameters; “Legacy Triangulation”, "Max Sample Excursion - 30000”, “Max Triangle Side – 30000”, and “Tiling Settings Snap to Grid (Expand)." The grid is exported from Quick Terrain Modeler as an ESRI ASCII Z grid file. Utilizing an in-house python script within ESRI ArcMap V10.2, the ASCII Z grid file is converted to a tif-format raster file whose projection is defined as “The North American Datum of 1983 (2011).” The raster is then multiplied against a corresponding 1m Grid mask raster, a mask image produced from JALBTCX’s 1m Grid, in ESRI’s Raster Calculator to remove interpolated areas where data does not exist.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-07-30T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received 189 files for the South Carolina coastline in tif format from JALBTCX. The bare earth raster files were at a 1 m grid spacing. The data were in geographic coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid12B) elevations in meters. OCM assigned the EPSG codes and copied the raster files to https for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-08-30T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received additional data for this data set. In February 2020, 1232 files for the North Carolina coastline and 84 files for the Virginia coastline in tif format were received from JALBTCX. The bare earth raster files were at a 1 m grid spacing. The data were in UTM Zone 17 and 18 (NAD83 2011), meters coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid12B) elevations in meters. OCM assigned the vertical EPSG code (5703) and copied the raster files to https for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-02-14T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor